Publication: Astımlı Çocukların Atak Sırasında Kalp Fonksiyonlarının ve Pulmoner Arter Basıncının Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Hava yollarının inflamatuar bir hastalıgı olan astım çocukluk çagının en sık kronik hastalıgıdır. nflamasyona baglı olarak hava yollarının tıkanıklıgı hırıltılı solunum, öksürük ve nefes darlıgına neden olur. Pulmoner arter basıncında artısa neden olan kronik akciger hastalıgı aynı zaman da kalbin sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonlarını da etkiler. Astım gibi akcigerlerde havalanma artısına ve yüksek hava yolu direncine neden olan durumlar kardiyak performansta önemli degisikliklere neden olur. Soluk alma sırasında artmıs intratorasik negatif basınç ve soluk verme sırasındaki artmıs intratorasik pozitif basınç, ani ve derin basınç farkları meydana getirerek, kalbin normal siklusu sırasındaki olagan sag ve sol ventrikül ön-yük ve ard-yükteki degisikliklerinde abartılı yanıtların alınmasına neden olur. Bu çalısmanın amacı; çocuklarda astım atagı sırasında sag ve sol ventrikül sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonları ile pulmoner arter basıncının degerlendirilmesidir. Yasları 6?13 arasında, 13 hafif, 11 orta siddetli astım atagı olan 24 astımlı çocuk bu çalısmaya dahil edildi. Yasları, cinsiyetleri, beden kitle endeksleri hastalarla benzerlik gösteren 20 saglıklı olgu kontrol grubunu olusturdu. Hastaların hepsine astım atagı sırasında ve tedaviden en az iki hafta sonra kardiyak fonksiyonları degerlendirmek amacı ile PW Doppler ekokardiyografi uygulanarak saglıklı olgular ile karsılastırıldı. PW Doppler ekokardiyografi sonuçları tedavi öncesi ve sonrası karsılastırıldıgında, mitral Dt, triküspit E/A, sag ventrikül %EF ve %KF, pulmoner arter ejeksiyon zamanı parametreleri belirgin olarak farklı bulundu (p<0,05). Orta siddetli astım atagı grubu kontrol grubu ile karsılastırıldıgında, bu parametrelerle birlikte izovolümetrik gevseme zamanında (IVRT) ve sol ventrikül sistolik fonksiyonlarında da istatistiksel olarak belirgin fark tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, astım atagı sırasında, hafif siddetli astım atagı olanlarda dahi her iki ventrikül diyastolik ve sag ventrikül sistolik fonksiyonlarında bozukluk tespit ettik. Orta siddetli astım atagı grubunda hastalıgın siddeti ile orantılı oldugunu düsündügümüz sol ventrikül sistolik fonksiyonlarında da bozulma oldugu görüldü. Anahtar Kelimeler: Akut astım, astım atagı, sistolik, diyastolik fonksiyonlar, pulmoner arter basıncı.
illness of childhood. The obstruction of the airway due to inflammation causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. As chronic lung disease contributes to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures, the systolic and diastolic functions of the hearth are also affected. Conditions causing hyperinflation of the lungs and high airway resistance such as asthma attack can lead to substantial changes in cardiac performance. Increased negative pressure during inspiration and positive pressure during active expiration lead to large swings in intrathoracic pressure and exaggeration of the normal cyclic changes in right and left ventricular preload and afterload. The aim of the study was to evaluate the right and left ventricular systolic, diastolic functions and the pulmonary arterial pressure during the asthma exacerbation in children. Twenty-four children with asthma, including thirteen with mild acute attack, eleven with moderate asthma attack, aged 6-13 years were enrolled in this study. Twenty healthy subjects matched by age, gender and body mass index made up a control group. Pulsed wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography was applied to every patient during the asthma attack and at least two weeks after the treatment to determine the cardiac functions changes compared to healthy subjects. When compared with results of PW Doppler echocardiography before and after treatment, mitral Dt, tricuspid E/A, right ventricular %EF and %SF, pulmonary arterial ejection time parameters were found to be significantly different (p<0,05). In the moderate asthma attack group compared to control group beside those parameters, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and left ventricular systolic functions were also found statistically significantly different (p<0,05). In conclusion, we determined that even in mild asthma attacks both ventricular diastolic and right ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred during asthma exacerbations. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction observed in moderate asthma attack group and we suggested that it was correlated with the disease severity. Key words: Acute asthma, exacerbation, systolic, diastolic function, pulmonary arterial pressure.
illness of childhood. The obstruction of the airway due to inflammation causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. As chronic lung disease contributes to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures, the systolic and diastolic functions of the hearth are also affected. Conditions causing hyperinflation of the lungs and high airway resistance such as asthma attack can lead to substantial changes in cardiac performance. Increased negative pressure during inspiration and positive pressure during active expiration lead to large swings in intrathoracic pressure and exaggeration of the normal cyclic changes in right and left ventricular preload and afterload. The aim of the study was to evaluate the right and left ventricular systolic, diastolic functions and the pulmonary arterial pressure during the asthma exacerbation in children. Twenty-four children with asthma, including thirteen with mild acute attack, eleven with moderate asthma attack, aged 6-13 years were enrolled in this study. Twenty healthy subjects matched by age, gender and body mass index made up a control group. Pulsed wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography was applied to every patient during the asthma attack and at least two weeks after the treatment to determine the cardiac functions changes compared to healthy subjects. When compared with results of PW Doppler echocardiography before and after treatment, mitral Dt, tricuspid E/A, right ventricular %EF and %SF, pulmonary arterial ejection time parameters were found to be significantly different (p<0,05). In the moderate asthma attack group compared to control group beside those parameters, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and left ventricular systolic functions were also found statistically significantly different (p<0,05). In conclusion, we determined that even in mild asthma attacks both ventricular diastolic and right ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred during asthma exacerbations. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction observed in moderate asthma attack group and we suggested that it was correlated with the disease severity. Key words: Acute asthma, exacerbation, systolic, diastolic function, pulmonary arterial pressure.
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