Challenges in Differential Diagnosis: A Case Series of Four Adult Patients with Renal Leiomyoma

Abstract

Of kidney tumors, it is difficult to differentiate leiomyomas radiologically from other malignant renal tumors. Moreover, the definitive diagnosis ofleiomyomas can only be achieved by histopathological and also immunohistochemical evaluation after surgical intervention. Immunohistochemically,positive staining with smooth muscle actin and vimentin, whereas negative staining with cytokeratin, S100, Mart1 and HMB45 are the methods usedin the differential diagnosis of leiomyomas.In this case series, after preoperative radiological evaluation, two female and two male patients between 45 and 89 years of age underwent laparoscopictreatment with the diagnosis of a malignant mass in the kidney. We aimed to illustrate the clinical, radiological and histopathological relationship offour adult patients who were managed by laparoscopic approach and diagnosed with renal leiomyoma. Renal leiomyomas should be kept in mind inpatients with a renal mass before definitive treatment.