Publication: Bipolar Bozuklukta Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Klinik Özellikler İle İlişkisi
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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Kliniğinde ayaktan izlenen remisyonda BB hastalarda çocukluk çağı travmalarının sıklığının ve bazı klinik özellikler ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak- Haziran 2012 tarihleri arasında psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran ve BB tanısı alan 100 hasta alınmıştır. Kontrol grubu olarak ise DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (SCID-I) ve DSM-III R Kişilik Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (SCID-II) görüşmesi ile herhangi bir eksen-I ya da eksen-II patolojisi olmayan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 100 kişi alınmıştır. İlk görüşmede tüm katılımcılar ile SCID-I ve SCID-II görüşmesi yapılmış, sosyodemografik veri formları doldurulmuştur. İkinci görüşmede tüm katılımcılara Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (ÇÇTÖ), Dissosiyatif Yaşantılar Ölçeği, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği verilmiştir. Ayrıca hasta grubuna Bipolar Bozuklukta İşlevsellik Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Hasta grubunda ÇÇTÖ toplam ve alt ölçek puanları, daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır. Hasta grubunun %47'sinin, kontrol grubunun ise % 28'inin çocukluk çağında travma geçirdiği saptanmıştır. Hasta grubunda emosyonel ihmal puanları kadınlarda, kontrol grubunda ise emosyonel ihmal puanları erkeklerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Hasta ve kontrol grubu dürtüsellik, benlik saygısı ve dissosiyasyon açısından karşılaştırıldığında hasta grubunun benlik saygısının daha düşük olduğu, dürtüsellik düzeylerinin ve dissosiyatif yaşantılarının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır Hasta grubunda travması olanlarda, dürtüsellik skorları ve dissosiyatif yaşantı düzeyleri daha yüksek, benlik saygıları ve işlevsellik düzeyleri daha düşük bulunmuştur. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ile bipolar bozukluk tipi, hastalığın başlangıç yaşı ve hızlı döngü arasındaanlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır. Hasta grubunda ektanıya sahip olan grupta emosyonel ihmal, fiziksel, emosyonel ve cinsel suistimal puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ölçeği toplam puanları ve alt ölçek puanları ile hastalık başlangıç yaşı ve toplam epizod sayısı arasında bağıntı yoktu. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ölçeği toplam puanı ile işlevsellik, dürtüsellik, dissosiyasyon ve benlik saygısı puanları arasında bağıntı saptandı. Bağıntı benlik saygısı ve işlevsellik açısından zayıf-orta derecede ve negatif yönde, dürtüsellik ve dissosiyasyon açısından zayıf-orta derecede ve pozitif yöndeydi. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ölçeği alt ölçek puanları göz önüne alındığında fiziksel ihmal ile sadece işlevsellik arasında zayıf-orta derecede ve negatif bağıntı saptandı. Emosyonel ihmal ile benlik saygısı, dürtüsellik ve dissosiyasyon arasında bağıntı bulundu. Bu bağıntı dürtüsellik ve dissosiyasyon ile zayıf-orta derecede ve pozitif yönde, benlik saygısı ile zayıf-orta derecede ve negatif yöndeydi. Fiziksel suistimal ile sadece dissosiyasyon arasında zayıf-orta derecede pozitif yönde bağıntı vardı. Emosyonel suistimal ile dürtüsellik ve dissosiyasyon arasında zayıf-orta derecede ve pozitif yönde bağıntı saptandı. Cinsel suistimal ile işlevsellik, dürtüsellik, benlik saygısı ve dissosiyasyon arasında bağıntı yoktu. Tartışma: Bulgularımız ve literatür bilgisi genel popülasyona göre BB hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantıların daha sık olduğunu göstermektedir. Erken başlangıçlı, dürtüsellik ve dissosiyatif özellikleri yüksek, benlik saygısı ve işlevsellik düzeyleri düşük ve komorbid psikiyatrik bozukluğa sahip bipolar hastalarda çocukluk çağı travmaları akla gelmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bipolar bozukluk, çocukluk çağı travması, klinik özellikler.
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to research the frequency of childhood traumas in BD outpatients with remission at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Clinic and to research the relationship between these traumas and some clinical features. Material and Method: 100 patients who came to Psychiatry Polyclinic between the dates January and June 2012 and who were diagnosed as BD were included in the study. 100 volunteers who did not have Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III R Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and any Axis-I or Axis-II pathology were included in the control group. In the first interview, all the participants were interviewed for SCID-I and SCID-II and they were asked to fill in sociodemographic data forms. In the second interview, all the participants were given Childhood Traumas Scale (CTS), Dissociative Experiences Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Barratt Impulsivity Scale. In addition, the patient group was given Functionality Scale in Bipolar Disorder. Findings: Childhood Traumas Scale total and subscale scores were found to be higher in the patient group. 47% of the patient group and 28% of the control group were found to have experienced childhood trauma. Emotional neglect scores were found to be significantly higher for women in the patient group and for men in the control group. When the patient and control group were compared in terms of impulsivity, self-esteem and dissociation, the patient group were found to have lower self-esteem and higher impulsivity level and dissociative experiences. In the patient group, those who had trauma were found to have higher impulsivity scores and dissociative experience levels but lower self-esteem and functionality levels. No significant relationship was found between childhood traumas and bipolar disorder type, onset age of the disease and rapid cycle. In the patient group, the group with comorbidity had higher emotional neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse scores. There was no relationship between childhood traumas scale total scores, subscale scores and onset age of the disease and total number of episodes. A relationship was found between childhood traumas scale total scores and functionality, impulsivity, dissociation and self-esteem scores. The relationship was weak-moderate and negative for self-esteem and functionality while it was weak-moderate and positive for impulsivity and dissociation. When the childhood traumas scale subscale scores were considered, a weak-moderate and negative relationship was found between physical neglect and functionality. A relationship was found between emotional neglect and self-esteem, functionality and dissociation. This relationship was weak-moderate and positive for functionality and dissociation while it was weak-moderate and negative for self-esteem. A weak-moderate and positive relationship was found between physical abuse and dissociation. A weak-moderate and positive relationship was also found between emotional abuse and impulsivity and dissociation. No relationship was found between sexual abuse and functionality, impulsivity, self-esteem and dissociation. Discussion: The findings of this study and the literature show that BD patients have more frequent childhood traumatic experiences than the general population. In bipolar patients who have early onset, high impulsivity and dissociative characteristics, low self-esteem and functionality levels and comorbid psychiatric disorders, childhood traumas should be considered. Key Words: Bipolar disorder, childhood trauma, clinical features.
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to research the frequency of childhood traumas in BD outpatients with remission at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Clinic and to research the relationship between these traumas and some clinical features. Material and Method: 100 patients who came to Psychiatry Polyclinic between the dates January and June 2012 and who were diagnosed as BD were included in the study. 100 volunteers who did not have Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III R Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and any Axis-I or Axis-II pathology were included in the control group. In the first interview, all the participants were interviewed for SCID-I and SCID-II and they were asked to fill in sociodemographic data forms. In the second interview, all the participants were given Childhood Traumas Scale (CTS), Dissociative Experiences Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Barratt Impulsivity Scale. In addition, the patient group was given Functionality Scale in Bipolar Disorder. Findings: Childhood Traumas Scale total and subscale scores were found to be higher in the patient group. 47% of the patient group and 28% of the control group were found to have experienced childhood trauma. Emotional neglect scores were found to be significantly higher for women in the patient group and for men in the control group. When the patient and control group were compared in terms of impulsivity, self-esteem and dissociation, the patient group were found to have lower self-esteem and higher impulsivity level and dissociative experiences. In the patient group, those who had trauma were found to have higher impulsivity scores and dissociative experience levels but lower self-esteem and functionality levels. No significant relationship was found between childhood traumas and bipolar disorder type, onset age of the disease and rapid cycle. In the patient group, the group with comorbidity had higher emotional neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse scores. There was no relationship between childhood traumas scale total scores, subscale scores and onset age of the disease and total number of episodes. A relationship was found between childhood traumas scale total scores and functionality, impulsivity, dissociation and self-esteem scores. The relationship was weak-moderate and negative for self-esteem and functionality while it was weak-moderate and positive for impulsivity and dissociation. When the childhood traumas scale subscale scores were considered, a weak-moderate and negative relationship was found between physical neglect and functionality. A relationship was found between emotional neglect and self-esteem, functionality and dissociation. This relationship was weak-moderate and positive for functionality and dissociation while it was weak-moderate and negative for self-esteem. A weak-moderate and positive relationship was found between physical abuse and dissociation. A weak-moderate and positive relationship was also found between emotional abuse and impulsivity and dissociation. No relationship was found between sexual abuse and functionality, impulsivity, self-esteem and dissociation. Discussion: The findings of this study and the literature show that BD patients have more frequent childhood traumatic experiences than the general population. In bipolar patients who have early onset, high impulsivity and dissociative characteristics, low self-esteem and functionality levels and comorbid psychiatric disorders, childhood traumas should be considered. Key Words: Bipolar disorder, childhood trauma, clinical features.
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2014
Libra Kayıt No: 105480
Libra Kayıt No: 105480
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