Publication: İnterval Solunum Kası Antrenmanının Sporcularda Fonksiyonel Performans, Ekstremite Kuvveti ve Dayanıklılık Üzerine Etkileri
Abstract
Solunum kası antrenmanının (SKA), solunum performansı ve egzersiz esnasın oluşan yorgunluğu geciktirdiği bilinmesine rağmen sporcularda bazı performans bileşenlerine yönelik çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, SKA'nın farklı müdahale ve sporcu gruplarında fonksiyonel performans, uzuv simetri indeksi (USİ), ekstremite kuvveti ve dayanıklılığı üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmeyi amaçladık. Araştırmaya 12 dayanıklılık, 11 kuvvet olmak üzere 23 elit erkek sporcu katıldı. Araştırmada, kontrollü, randomize ve çift kör deneysel tasarımları kullanıldı. Katılımcılar haftada 5 gün, günde 2×30 (maksimal inspiratuar basınç [Pimaks]) solunum döngüsü olamak üzere 4 hafta boyunca farklı antrenman protokolü gerçekleştirdi: Kontrol%40 (Sabit Solunum Kası Antrenmanı [SSKA]), Denek%50-60-70- 80 (İnterval Solunum Kası Antrenmanı [İSKA]). Tüm katılımcılar ön test ve son test ölçümleri kapsamında solunum fonksiyonları solunum kas kuvveti, fonksiyonel performans, MaksVO2, üst ekstremite ve alt ekstremite kuvvet testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları değerlendirildiğinde, maksimum istemli ventilasyon (MVV) ve yavaş vital kapasite (SVC), maksiumum oksijen tüketimi (MaksVO2) ve squat yanıtlarında marjinal düzeyde (p=0,05-0,10), maksimum inspirasyon basınç (MIP), maksimum ekspirasyon basınç (MEP), el kavrama (sağ), şınav, side hop test (SHT) nondominant ve dominant, medial rotasyon atlama (MRA) dominant, medial rotasyon üç adım atlama (MRÜA) nondominant, üç adım atlama (ÜAA) nondominant ve üç adım atlama (ÜAA) yanıtlarında ise anlamlı artış (0<0,05) Kontrol%40 grubunda gözlenmiştir. Bench-press, sağlık topu fırlatma yanıtlarında marjinal düzeyde (p=0,05- 0,10), yavaş vital kapasite (SVC), şınav, side hop testi (SHT) nondominant ve dominant yanıtolarında anlamlı artışa (0<0,05) Denek%50-60-70-80 grubunda rastlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, uygulanan SKA protokollerine göre performans bileşenlerinde anlamlı ve marjinal etkiler yaratabileceği, sabit protokolün 4 hafta gibi kısa bir sürede, interval protokole göre daha etkili olabileceğini, spor branşlarına ve antrenman dönemine göre sabit ya da interval protokol seçimi olumlu etkiler ortaya çıkarabileceğini göstermektedir.
Although it is known that respiratory muscle training (RMT) delays respiratory performance and fatigue during exercise, studies on certain performance components in athletes are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of RMT on functional performance, limb symmetry index (LSI), extremity strength, and endurance in different intervention and athlete groups. The study included 23 elite male athletes, 12 endurance athletes and 11 strength athletes. The study employed a controlled, randomized, double-blind experimental design. Participants followed different training protocols for four weeks, consisting of 5 days per week, 2×30 (maximal inspiratory pressure [Pmax]) breathing cycles per day: Control 40% (Constant Respiratory Muscle Training [CRMT]), Test 50-60-70-80% (Interval Respiratory Muscle Training [IRMT]). All participants underwent pre-test and post- test measurements of respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, functional performance, MaxVO2, and upper and lower extremity strength tests. When the research findings were evaluated, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and slow vital capacity (SVC), maximum oxygen consumption (MaksVO2), and squat responses showed marginal levels (p=0.05-0.10), while maximum inspiration pressure (MIP), maximum expiration pressure (MEP), handgrip (right), push-ups, side hop test (SHT) nondominant and dominant, medial rotation jump (MRA) dominant, medial rotation three-step jump (MRÜA) nondominant, three-step jump (ÜAA) nondominant, and three-step jump (ÜAA) responses showed a significant increase (p<0.05) were observed in the control 40% group. Bench press, medicine ball throw responses showed marginal increases (p=0.05-0.10), while slow vital capacity (SVC), push-ups, side hop test (SHT) nondominant and dominant responses showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the 50-60-70-80% groups. The results of the study indicate that the applied SKA protocols can produce significant and marginal effects on performance components, that a fixed protocol may be more effective than an interval protocol in a short period of 4 weeks, and that the selection of a fixed or interval protocol depending on the sport and training period may yield positive effects.
Although it is known that respiratory muscle training (RMT) delays respiratory performance and fatigue during exercise, studies on certain performance components in athletes are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of RMT on functional performance, limb symmetry index (LSI), extremity strength, and endurance in different intervention and athlete groups. The study included 23 elite male athletes, 12 endurance athletes and 11 strength athletes. The study employed a controlled, randomized, double-blind experimental design. Participants followed different training protocols for four weeks, consisting of 5 days per week, 2×30 (maximal inspiratory pressure [Pmax]) breathing cycles per day: Control 40% (Constant Respiratory Muscle Training [CRMT]), Test 50-60-70-80% (Interval Respiratory Muscle Training [IRMT]). All participants underwent pre-test and post- test measurements of respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, functional performance, MaxVO2, and upper and lower extremity strength tests. When the research findings were evaluated, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and slow vital capacity (SVC), maximum oxygen consumption (MaksVO2), and squat responses showed marginal levels (p=0.05-0.10), while maximum inspiration pressure (MIP), maximum expiration pressure (MEP), handgrip (right), push-ups, side hop test (SHT) nondominant and dominant, medial rotation jump (MRA) dominant, medial rotation three-step jump (MRÜA) nondominant, three-step jump (ÜAA) nondominant, and three-step jump (ÜAA) responses showed a significant increase (p<0.05) were observed in the control 40% group. Bench press, medicine ball throw responses showed marginal increases (p=0.05-0.10), while slow vital capacity (SVC), push-ups, side hop test (SHT) nondominant and dominant responses showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the 50-60-70-80% groups. The results of the study indicate that the applied SKA protocols can produce significant and marginal effects on performance components, that a fixed protocol may be more effective than an interval protocol in a short period of 4 weeks, and that the selection of a fixed or interval protocol depending on the sport and training period may yield positive effects.
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