Publication: Erişkin Acil Servise Başvuran Akut Ürtiker Vakalarının Epidemiyolojik İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç:Ürtiker, epidermiste refleks bir eritem ile çevrili değişken büyüklükte bir merkezi şişliği bulunan kaşıntılı, yanma hissinin eşlik ettiği ve ödemli papül/plaklar ile karakterizedir.Akut ürtiker (AÜ) ve anjioödem sıklıkla bir arada görülmekte, zaman zaman da hastalar ölümcül olabilen anafilaksi vakaları ile acil servise başvurabilmektedirler. Bu bağlamda acil servis hekimleri akut ürtiker ile başvuran hastaları taburcu ettiklerinde daha ağır klinik tablo veya anafilaksi ile tekrar acil servise başvurma kaygısı yaşayabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmadabölgemizde akut ürtiker ile acil servise başvuran vakalarının epidemiyolojik incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Literatürdeki birçok çalışma pediatrik yaş grubu veya tüm yaş gruplarını içermekte olup, sadece yetişkinlerde akut ürtiker vakalarının epidemiyolojik incelenmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar kısıtlıdır. Gereç ve yöntem:Bu çalışmaya Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Erişkin Acil Servisi'ne Ocak 2015 ile Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında akut ürtiker ile başvuran 18 yaş üzeri 690 hasta dahil edildi. Başvurudatüm hastaların demografik, özgeçmiş, soygeçmiş ve klinik özellikleri (ürtikersemptom süresi, ürtiker şiddeti, anjioödem varlığı ve dağılım özellikleri,tedaviler), olasıtetikleyici faktörler ile fizik muayene bulguları Akut ÜrtikerBaşvuru ve TakipFormuna kaydedildi. Bulgular: Hastaların %61,74'ü kadın, %38,26'sı erkek ve yaş ortalaması 42,89±16,61 idi.Akut ürtiker tetikleyici faktörünün en sık nedeni idiopatik kaynaklı nedenler idi.İkinci en sık nedenin ise ilaç kaynaklı nedenler olduğu görüldü.İlaca bağlı gelişen akut ürtiker vakalarının yaş ortalamaları idiopatik, gıda, böcek/arı sokması ve diğer tetikleyici faktörlere bağlı gelişen akut ürtiker vakalarının yaş ortalamasından anlamlı olarak daha fazla idi (p=0,005). 35 ve üzeri yaş hastalarda ilaca bağlı akut ürtiker gelişimi 35 yaşın altındaki hastalara göre istatistiksel olarak daha fazla idi (p=0,008). İlaca bağlı gelişen akut ürtiker ilaç dışı tetikleyici faktörlere bağlı gelişen ürtikere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha şiddetliydi (p<0,001).Ürtiker ile ilaç ilişkisine bakıldığında; AÜ nedeni olarak en sık %43,26 oranla anti-enflamatuvar ilaçlar, ikinci en sık neden olarak ise %21,63 oran ile anti-mikrobiyal ilaçlar sorumlu idi.Anjioödem ile başvurma, anafilaksi varlığı, ürtiker öyküsü ve alerjik hastalık öyküsü ürtiker şiddeti ilişkili faktörler idi. Akut ürtiker şikayetlerinin gelişme süresi anafilaksi ile başvuran hastalarda anlamlı derece daha kısa saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda akut ürtikerin en sık nedeni olarak idiopatik kaynaklı nedenlerin sorumlu olduğu belirlendi. İlaca bağlı gelişen akut ürtikerin ilaç dışı tetikleyici faktörlere bağlı gelişen akut ürtikerden daha şiddetli klinik bulgulara neden olmaktadır.Literatürde sadece yetişkinlerde akut ürtiker vakalarının epidemiyolojik incelenmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar kısıtlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın bu bağlamda literatüre katkı sağlayacak değerli bilgiler içerdiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Objective: Urticaria is characterized by itchy, burning sensation and edematous papules/plaques with a central swelling of variable size surrounded by a reflex erythema of the epidermis. Acute urticaria (AU) and angioedema are frequently seen together, and sometimes patients may apply to the emergency department with anaphylaxis, which can be fatal. In this context, when emergency room physicians discharge patients who present with acute urticaria, they may experience anxiety about reapplying to the emergency department with a more severe clinical picture or anaphylaxis. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the epidemiological examination of cases who applied to the emergency department with acute urticaria in our region. Many studies in the literature include the pediatric age group or all age groups, and studies on the epidemiological examination of acute urticaria cases only in adults are limited. Materials and methods: 690 patients over 18 years of age who applied to the Adult Emergency Service of Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2015 and September 2022 with acute urticaria were included in this study. Demographic, history, family history and clinical characteristics of all patients (urticaria symptom duration, urticaria severity, presence and distribution characteristics of angioedema, treatments), possible triggering factors and physical examination findings were recorded in the Acute Urticaria Application and Follow-up Form. Results: 61.74% of the patients were female, 38.26% were male, and the mean age was 42.89±16.61. The most common cause of acute urticaria triggering factor was idiopathic origin. It was observed that the second most common cause was drug-related reasons. The mean age of drug-induced acute urticaria cases was significantly higher than the mean age of idiopathic acute urticaria cases due to food, insect/bee stings and other triggering factors (p=0.005). The development of drug-induced acute urticaria was statistically higher in patients aged 35 years and older than patients under 35 years of age (p=0.008). Drug-induced acute urticaria was statistically significantly more severe than non-drug triggering urticaria (p<0.001). Considering the drug relationship with urticaria; The most common cause of AU was anti-inflammatory drugs with a rate of 43.26%, and the second most common cause was anti-microbial drugs with a rate of 21.63%. Admission with angioedema, presence of anaphylaxis, history of urticaria and history of allergic disease were factors associated with urticaria severity. The development time of acute urticaria complaints was found to be significantly shorter in patients presenting with anaphylaxis (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, idiopathic causes were found to be the most common cause of acute urticaria. Drug-induced acute urticaria causes more severe clinical findings than acute urticaria due to non-drug triggering factors. In the literature, there are only a limited number of studies on the epidemiological examination of acute urticaria cases in adults. We think that our study contains valuable information that will contribute to the literature in this context.
Objective: Urticaria is characterized by itchy, burning sensation and edematous papules/plaques with a central swelling of variable size surrounded by a reflex erythema of the epidermis. Acute urticaria (AU) and angioedema are frequently seen together, and sometimes patients may apply to the emergency department with anaphylaxis, which can be fatal. In this context, when emergency room physicians discharge patients who present with acute urticaria, they may experience anxiety about reapplying to the emergency department with a more severe clinical picture or anaphylaxis. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the epidemiological examination of cases who applied to the emergency department with acute urticaria in our region. Many studies in the literature include the pediatric age group or all age groups, and studies on the epidemiological examination of acute urticaria cases only in adults are limited. Materials and methods: 690 patients over 18 years of age who applied to the Adult Emergency Service of Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2015 and September 2022 with acute urticaria were included in this study. Demographic, history, family history and clinical characteristics of all patients (urticaria symptom duration, urticaria severity, presence and distribution characteristics of angioedema, treatments), possible triggering factors and physical examination findings were recorded in the Acute Urticaria Application and Follow-up Form. Results: 61.74% of the patients were female, 38.26% were male, and the mean age was 42.89±16.61. The most common cause of acute urticaria triggering factor was idiopathic origin. It was observed that the second most common cause was drug-related reasons. The mean age of drug-induced acute urticaria cases was significantly higher than the mean age of idiopathic acute urticaria cases due to food, insect/bee stings and other triggering factors (p=0.005). The development of drug-induced acute urticaria was statistically higher in patients aged 35 years and older than patients under 35 years of age (p=0.008). Drug-induced acute urticaria was statistically significantly more severe than non-drug triggering urticaria (p<0.001). Considering the drug relationship with urticaria; The most common cause of AU was anti-inflammatory drugs with a rate of 43.26%, and the second most common cause was anti-microbial drugs with a rate of 21.63%. Admission with angioedema, presence of anaphylaxis, history of urticaria and history of allergic disease were factors associated with urticaria severity. The development time of acute urticaria complaints was found to be significantly shorter in patients presenting with anaphylaxis (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, idiopathic causes were found to be the most common cause of acute urticaria. Drug-induced acute urticaria causes more severe clinical findings than acute urticaria due to non-drug triggering factors. In the literature, there are only a limited number of studies on the epidemiological examination of acute urticaria cases in adults. We think that our study contains valuable information that will contribute to the literature in this context.
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