Publication: Sonat Formunun Yapısal Gelişiminin Domenico Scarlatti'in Eserleri Üzerinden Örneklendirilmesi
Abstract
Sonat, ilk olarak Rönesans Dönemi'nde izlerine rastladığımız bir müzik türüdür. Sounare kelimesinden gelen sonat, birçok önemli ustanın elinde şekillenerek, müzik arşivinde yüzyıllardır özgün oldugu kadar güncel versiyonlarıyla da varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu müzik türündeki; temaların tekrarlanması, kontrastlar, gelişmeler ve röprizler gibi yapısal unsurlar, bestecilerin geniş ve yaratıcı eserler sunmalarında önemli bir platform oluşturmuştur. Bu unsurlar, eserin bütünlüğünü ve tutarlılığını sağlamak için kurallı bir yaklaşım sunarken, dinleyiciye de derinlikli bir deneyim yaşatmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Geç Barok Dönemi'nde yaşamış ve barok stilde bestelemiş olduğu 555 klavye sonatı ile sonat formu yapısının gelişmesinde ve dönemin sonat arşivinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Domenico Scarlatti'nin katkılarıni gözlemlemek adına, kendisinin K.159, K.170 ve K.466 sonatları üzerine bir analiz yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Barok, Klasik, Romantik ve 20.yy. dönemlerinde yaşamış ve çok sayıda eser vermiş olan bestecilerin Sonat başlığı altındaki eserlerinde Scarlatti'nin üslup, stil ve benzer müzikal kaliteleri gözlemlenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. Grup motifli konuların yapısını incelemek ve motifsel benzerlikleri gösterebilmek adına W.A. Mozart Sonat no.4 ve no.12, F. Schubert op.42 La Minör Piyano Sonatı, F. Chopin Piyano Sonatı no.3, Sergei Prokofiev op.83 no.7 eserleri örneklendirilerek bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Taklitli gelişme prensibine örnek olarak A. Adnan Saygun op.15 Piyano Sonatina eseri örnek verilerek D. Scarlatti' nin K.256 nolu sonatı ile karşılaştırılmış ve motifsel açıdan benzerlikleri incelenmiştir. Domenico Scarlatti ve sonatları, ve bir geçiş dönemine denk gelen Sonat formu üzerine yapılan araştırmaların sınırlılıkları göz önüne alınarak, bu araştırmada bir sonat eseri seslendirecek olan icracının dönem, form, armoni, stil gibi farkları ayırt edebilmesi, ve daha iyi yorumlayabilmesine yardımcı olmak ve bu konuda literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
The sonata is a musical genre that we first encounter traces of in the Renaissance Period. The sonata, which comes from the word sounare, has been shaped in the hands of many important masters and has existed in the music archive for centuries with its original as well as contemporary versions. Structural elements such as the repetition of themes, contrasts, developments and surprises in this musical genre have created an important platform for composers to present wide and creative works. These elements provide a structured approach to ensure the integrity and coherence of the work, while providing the listener with a profound experience. In this study, in order to observe the contributions of Domenico Scarlatti, who lived in the Late Baroque Period and had an important place in the development of the sonata form structure and in the sonata archive of the period with his 555 keyboard sonatas composed in baroque style, an analysis was made on his K.159, K.170 and K.466 sonatas. In addition, Scarlatti's style, style and similar musical qualities were observed and compared in the sonata works of composers who lived in the Baroque, Classical, Romantic and 20th century periods. W.A. Mozart Sonata no.4 and no.12, F. Schubert op.42 Piano Sonata in A Minor, F. Chopin Piano Sonata no.3, Sergei Prokofiev op.83 no.7 have been analyzed in order to examine the structure of group motif subjects and to show motif similarities. In addition, A. Adnan Saygun op.15 Piano Sonatina is given as an example of the principle of imitative development and compared with D. Scarlatti's sonata K.256 and their similarities in terms of motifs are analyzed. Considering the limitations of the researches on Domenico Scarlatti and his sonatas, and the Sonata form, which corresponds to a transitional period, this research aims to help the performer who will perform a sonata work to distinguish the differences such as period, form, harmony, style, and to better interpret and to contribute to the literature on this subject.
The sonata is a musical genre that we first encounter traces of in the Renaissance Period. The sonata, which comes from the word sounare, has been shaped in the hands of many important masters and has existed in the music archive for centuries with its original as well as contemporary versions. Structural elements such as the repetition of themes, contrasts, developments and surprises in this musical genre have created an important platform for composers to present wide and creative works. These elements provide a structured approach to ensure the integrity and coherence of the work, while providing the listener with a profound experience. In this study, in order to observe the contributions of Domenico Scarlatti, who lived in the Late Baroque Period and had an important place in the development of the sonata form structure and in the sonata archive of the period with his 555 keyboard sonatas composed in baroque style, an analysis was made on his K.159, K.170 and K.466 sonatas. In addition, Scarlatti's style, style and similar musical qualities were observed and compared in the sonata works of composers who lived in the Baroque, Classical, Romantic and 20th century periods. W.A. Mozart Sonata no.4 and no.12, F. Schubert op.42 Piano Sonata in A Minor, F. Chopin Piano Sonata no.3, Sergei Prokofiev op.83 no.7 have been analyzed in order to examine the structure of group motif subjects and to show motif similarities. In addition, A. Adnan Saygun op.15 Piano Sonatina is given as an example of the principle of imitative development and compared with D. Scarlatti's sonata K.256 and their similarities in terms of motifs are analyzed. Considering the limitations of the researches on Domenico Scarlatti and his sonatas, and the Sonata form, which corresponds to a transitional period, this research aims to help the performer who will perform a sonata work to distinguish the differences such as period, form, harmony, style, and to better interpret and to contribute to the literature on this subject.
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