Publication: Kabak (Cucurbita Pepo L.) Çekirdeği Ununun Yağ İkamesi ve Fonksiyonel İngrediyen Olarak Köfte Üretiminde Kullanım Potansiyeli
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Köfte, Türk mutfağının en önemli gıdalarından biridir ve Türkiye'de yaklaşık 290 çeşit köfte üretilmektedir. Bu araştırmada kabak çekirdeği ununun yağ ikamesi ve fonksiyonel ingrediyen olarak köfte üretiminde kullanım potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Yağ yerine kabak çekirdeği ununun kullanıldığı 5 farklı formülasyonda (%0, 3, 6, 9 ve 12) köfte üretilmiş ve kimyasal bileşim, pişirme kaybı, su tutma kapasitesi, pH, renk, tekstür profil analizi, yağ asidi profili ve duyusal özellikler yönünden analiz edilmişlerdir. Deneme iki tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Kabak çekirdeği unu ilavesi köftelerin kuru madde, protein ve kül miktarları ile pH değerini artırmış, yağ miktarını ise azaltmıştır (p<0.05). Köftelere kabak çekirdeği unu ilavesi pişirme kaybını düzeltmiş (p<0.05) fakat su tutma kapasitesini etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Kabak çekirdeği unu ilavesi köftelerin L* (parlaklık), b* (sarılık) ve iç yapışkanlık değerlerini artırmış, a* (kırmızılık) ve sertlik değerlerini ise düşürmüştür (p<0.05). Ancak %3 kabak çekirdeği unu içeren köftelerin kırmızılık, sertlik ve iç yapışkanlık değerleri, kabak çekirdeği içermeyen kontrol grubu köftelere benzer bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Kabak çekirdeği unu ilavesi köftelerin linoleik asit (C18:2n-6c) ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA) miktarını artırmış, strearik asit (C18:0) ve doymuş yağ asitleri (SFA) miktarını azaltmıştır (p<0.05). Kontrol grubu köftelerde 0.05 olan PUFA/SFA oranı, %12 kabak çekirdeği unu içeren köftelerde 0.26'ya yükselmiştir (p<0.05). Aynı şekilde, kontrol grubu köftelerde 3.41 olan n-6/n-3 oranı %12 kabak çekirdeği unu içeren köftelerde 17.78'e yükselmiştir (p<0.05). Kabak çekirdeği unu ilave edilen köfteler panelistler tarafından daha düşük puanlarla değerlendirilmiş (p<0.05) ancak genel kabul edilebilirlik yönünden %3 kabak çekirdeği unu içeren köfteler, kontrol grubu köftelere benzer puanlar almıştır (p>0.05). Bu sonuçlar, kimyasal bileşim ve duyusal özelliklerde en az değişikliğe neden olan %3 kabak çekirdeği unu ilavesi ile köftelerin besleyici özelliklerinin zenginleştirildiğini ve yağ miktarının da azaltıldığını göstermektedir.
Meatball is one of the most important foods of Turkish cuisine, and in Turkey, about 290 types of meatballs are produced. In this study, pumpkin seed flour was used as a fat replacer and functional ingredient in the production of meatball. Five different meatball formulations were prepared where fat was replaced with pumpkin seed flour as 0% (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12. Meatballs were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH, color parameters, texture profile analysis, fatty acid profiles and sensory properties. The study was repeated two times. Utilization of pumpkin seed flour increased dry matter, protein, ash and pH and decreased fat content of meatballs (p<0.05). The addition of pumpkin seed flour improved the cooking loss (p<0.05) but did not affect water holding capacity of meatballs (p>0.05). Incorporation of pumpkin seed flour increased L* (lightness), b* (yellowness) and cohesiveness values, and decreased a* (redness) and hardness values (p<0.05). But redness, hardness and cohesiveness values of meatballs containing 3% pumpkin seed flour were close to control without pumpkin seed flour (p>0.05). Utilization of pumpkin seed flour increased linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), decreased stearic acid (C18:0) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) content of meatballs (p<0.05). The PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio increased from 0.05 in the control to 0.26 in meatballs with 12.0% pumpkin seed flour (p<0.05). Also, the n-6/n-3 ratio increased from 3.41 in the control to 17.78 in the meatballs with 12.0% pumpkin seed flour (p<0.05). Meatballs with pumpkin seed flour were evaluated with low scores by panelists (p<0.05) but overall acceptability scores of meatballs containing 3% pumpkin seed flour were close to control meatballs (p>0.05). The results indicate that the nutritional status of meatballs was enhanced, while their fat content decreased with minimal composition and sensory changes with 3% pumpkin seed flour addition.
Meatball is one of the most important foods of Turkish cuisine, and in Turkey, about 290 types of meatballs are produced. In this study, pumpkin seed flour was used as a fat replacer and functional ingredient in the production of meatball. Five different meatball formulations were prepared where fat was replaced with pumpkin seed flour as 0% (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12. Meatballs were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH, color parameters, texture profile analysis, fatty acid profiles and sensory properties. The study was repeated two times. Utilization of pumpkin seed flour increased dry matter, protein, ash and pH and decreased fat content of meatballs (p<0.05). The addition of pumpkin seed flour improved the cooking loss (p<0.05) but did not affect water holding capacity of meatballs (p>0.05). Incorporation of pumpkin seed flour increased L* (lightness), b* (yellowness) and cohesiveness values, and decreased a* (redness) and hardness values (p<0.05). But redness, hardness and cohesiveness values of meatballs containing 3% pumpkin seed flour were close to control without pumpkin seed flour (p>0.05). Utilization of pumpkin seed flour increased linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), decreased stearic acid (C18:0) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) content of meatballs (p<0.05). The PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio increased from 0.05 in the control to 0.26 in meatballs with 12.0% pumpkin seed flour (p<0.05). Also, the n-6/n-3 ratio increased from 3.41 in the control to 17.78 in the meatballs with 12.0% pumpkin seed flour (p<0.05). Meatballs with pumpkin seed flour were evaluated with low scores by panelists (p<0.05) but overall acceptability scores of meatballs containing 3% pumpkin seed flour were close to control meatballs (p>0.05). The results indicate that the nutritional status of meatballs was enhanced, while their fat content decreased with minimal composition and sensory changes with 3% pumpkin seed flour addition.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2019
Libra Kayıt No: 127299
Libra Kayıt No: 127299
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