Anesthetic Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: An Overview

Abstract

Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, requires prompt medical intervention to prevent irreversible damage. Anesthetic management is pivotal during surgical treatments like mechanical thrombectomy, where precise strategies ensure patient safety and procedural success. This narrative review highlights key aspects of anesthetic management in ischemic stroke, focusing on preoperative evaluation, anesthetic choices, and intraoperative care. A rapid yet thorough preoperative assessment is crucial, prioritizing essential diagnostic tests and cardiovascular evaluations to determine patient frailty and potential complications. The decision between general anesthesia (GA) and conscious sedation (CS) remains debated, with GA offering better procedural conditions and CS enabling continuous neurological assessment. The selection of anesthetic agents-such as propofol, sevoflurane, midazolam, fentanyl, remifentanil, and dexmedetomidine-depends on local protocols and expertise balancing neuroprotection, hemodynamic stability, and rapid postoperative recovery. Effective blood pressure management, tailored airway strategies, and vigilant postoperative monitoring are essential to optimize outcomes. This review underscores the importance of coordinated care, incorporating multimodal monitoring and maintaining neuroprotection throughout the perioperative period.