Publication: Fatih Akın Sinemasında Göç Anlatısı ve Göçmenliğin Sunumu
Abstract
Göç ve göçmenlik olgusu, insanlığın başlangıcıyla paralellik gösteren bir özelliğe sahiptir. Modernizm öncesinde umumiyetle mecburi bir niteliğe sahip olan göç, modernizm sonrası isteğe bağlı olarak belirim göstermeye başlamıştır. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Avrupa ülkeleri, bozulmuş olan ekonomilerini daha yukarılara çekebilmek amacıyla gelişmemiş ülkelerden insanların kendi sınırları içerisine dahil olmasına olanak tanımıştır. Bu sayede göçmenlik deneyimi, dünya üzerindeki birçok milletten insan tarafından deneyimlenmeye başlamıştır. Ancak bu deneyimi yaşayan göçmenler, birtakım sosyal, kültürel, psikolojik sorunlar yaşamışlar ve yeni göç ettikleri ülkelere adaptasyon sürecinde zorluklar çekmişlerdir. Onlardan sonra gelen ve ikinci nesil olarak adlandırılan kişiler ise ebeveynlerine kıyasla göç edilen ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik, siyasal şartlarına daha kolay entegre olabilmiş ve bu sayede o ülkenin toplumu ile bütünleşebilmişlerdir. Tüm bu tecrübeler, gerçek yaşamla sıkı bir bağlantı içinde olan sinemada da kendini göstermiştir. Göçmen yönetmenler, göç ve göçmenlikle ilgili tecrübelerini beyaz perdeye yansıtmışlardır. Bu yönetmenler birisi de ikinci kuşak bir göçmen olan ve küçük yaştan itibaren ailesiyle birlikte Almanya'da yaşayan Fatih Akın'dır. Fatih Akın, göçmen olmanın getirdiği çok kültürlülüğü filmlerinde kullanmış, göç ve göçmenlik olgularını anlatılarında farklı açılardan ele almıştır. Bu anlamda göçmen sineması, diaspora sineması, aksanlı sinema gibi türler içerisinde kendine yer bulan Fatih Akın, Almanya'da önemli bir konuma erişmiş, uluslararası festivallerde bir çok ödül kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Fatih Akın'ın göç ve göçmenlik olgularını anlatılarında nasıl ve ne şekilde işlediği ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle göç, göçmenlik, diaspora sineması, göçmen sineması gibi kavramlar irdelenmiş, ardından bulgular yorumlanarak sonuç bölümünde tartışmaya açılmıştır. Buna göre Fatih Akın'ın filmlerinin ortak anlatılarında göç ve göçmenlik olgularına, anavatan ve göç edilen mekana yönelik birtakım anlamların ortaklaşa olarak var olduğu, karakterlerin yer aldığı kuşağa bağlı olarak farklı özelliklere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu tezin, alanda çalışma yapacak diğer araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı ve yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.
The phenomenon of migration and immigration has a feature that parallels the beginning of humanity. Migration, which was generally compulsory before modernism, started to appear optionally after modernism. Especially after the Second World War, European countries allowed people from underdeveloped countries to be included within their borders in order to increase their deteriorated economies. In this way, the immigration experience has begun to be experienced by people from many nationalities around the world. However, immigrants who had this experience experienced some social, cultural and psychological problems and had difficulties in the adaptation process to the countries they migrated to. The people who came after them, called the second generation, were able to integrate into the social, economic and political conditions of the country they migrated to more easily compared to their parents, and in this way, they could integrate with the society of that country. All these experiences have also shown themselves in cinema, which is in close connection with real life. Immigrant directors reflected their experiences on immigration and immigration to the cinema. One of these directors is Fatih Akın, a second generation immigrant and living in Germany with his family from a young age. Fatih Akın used the multiculturalism brought about by being an immigrant in his films and discussed the immigration and immigration phenomena from different angles in his narratives. In this sense, Fatih Akın, who has found a place for himself in genres such as immigrant cinema, diaspora cinema, and accented cinema, has reached an important position in Germany and won many awards in international festivals. In this study, it is discussed how and how Fatih Akın handles migration and immigration phenomena in his narratives. In the study, first of all, concepts such as immigration, immigration, diaspora cinema, immigrant cinema were examined, then the findings were interpreted and discussed in the conclusion part. According to this, it has been determined that in the common narratives of Fatih Akın's films, there are some meanings for migration and immigration, the homeland and the migrated place jointly, and that the characters have different characteristics depending on the generation they are in. It is thought that this thesis will contribute and guide other researchers who will work in the field.
The phenomenon of migration and immigration has a feature that parallels the beginning of humanity. Migration, which was generally compulsory before modernism, started to appear optionally after modernism. Especially after the Second World War, European countries allowed people from underdeveloped countries to be included within their borders in order to increase their deteriorated economies. In this way, the immigration experience has begun to be experienced by people from many nationalities around the world. However, immigrants who had this experience experienced some social, cultural and psychological problems and had difficulties in the adaptation process to the countries they migrated to. The people who came after them, called the second generation, were able to integrate into the social, economic and political conditions of the country they migrated to more easily compared to their parents, and in this way, they could integrate with the society of that country. All these experiences have also shown themselves in cinema, which is in close connection with real life. Immigrant directors reflected their experiences on immigration and immigration to the cinema. One of these directors is Fatih Akın, a second generation immigrant and living in Germany with his family from a young age. Fatih Akın used the multiculturalism brought about by being an immigrant in his films and discussed the immigration and immigration phenomena from different angles in his narratives. In this sense, Fatih Akın, who has found a place for himself in genres such as immigrant cinema, diaspora cinema, and accented cinema, has reached an important position in Germany and won many awards in international festivals. In this study, it is discussed how and how Fatih Akın handles migration and immigration phenomena in his narratives. In the study, first of all, concepts such as immigration, immigration, diaspora cinema, immigrant cinema were examined, then the findings were interpreted and discussed in the conclusion part. According to this, it has been determined that in the common narratives of Fatih Akın's films, there are some meanings for migration and immigration, the homeland and the migrated place jointly, and that the characters have different characteristics depending on the generation they are in. It is thought that this thesis will contribute and guide other researchers who will work in the field.
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