Publication: Normal Gebelerin Takibinde Renkli Doppler Ultrasonografinin Yeri
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ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmada normal gebelik sürecinde fetal umblikal arter, orta serebral arter ve maternal uterin arterlerdeki Doppler indekslerinin gebelik haftalarına göre değişiminin saptanması ve meydana gelebilecek patolojik akım paternlerinin daha kolay tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı'ndan Radyodiagnostik Anabilim Dalı'na gönderilen 86 normal tekil gebeye, gebeliğin 20-24. haftasında, 28-32. haftasında ve 36. hafta sonrasında önce obstetrik gri skala ultrasonografı ve sonrasında umblikal arter, orta serebral arter (OSA) ve maternal uterin arterlere yönelik renkli Doppler ultrasonografı (RDUS) ile spektral Doppler incelemesi yapıldı. Kontroller sırasında veya perinatal dönemde çeşitli nedenlerle 9 gebe çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Çalışma dışı bırakılan gebelerden birisinde intrauterin ölüm, birisinde ise düşük öyküsü vardı, geri kalanının ise kontrol takibi yapılamadı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 77 gebede maternal veya fetal hiçbir problem yoktu. Gri skala US'da rutin obstetrik inceleme ile fetal biyometri değerlendirildi, daha sonra RDUS inceleme ve spektral analizler yapıldı. RDUS ve spektral Doppler incelemesi sırasında fetal hareketin ve solunumun olmamasına dikkat edildi. Umblikal arter, orta serebral arter, maternal uterin arterler için rezistif indeks (RI), pulsatilite indeksi (PI) ve sistolik / diyastolik oran (S/D oranı) saptandı. Maternal uterin arterlerde erken diyastolik çentiğin (EDÇ) varlığı araştırıldı. Doppler indeksleri, en az üç dalga formunun sabit kaldığı spektrumdan ölçüm yapılarak saptandı. Bıslgular: Umblikal arterde 20-24, 28-32. gebelik haftalarında ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında sırasıyla ortalama RI değerinin 0.62'den, 0.57'ye ve 0.48'e; PI ortalama değerinin 0.96'dan, 0.84'e ve 0.70'e; S/D oranının ortalama değerinin 2.62'den, 2.37'ye ve 1.97'ye düştüğü saptandı. OSA'da 20-24, 28-32. gebelik haftalarında ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında ortalama RI değerinin 0.70'den, 0.69'a ve 0.62'ye düştüğü saptandı; OSA'nm 20-24, 28-32. gebelik haftalarında ortalama PI değerinin 1.23 'den, 1.24'e çıktığı ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında 1.06'ya düştüğü saptandı; OSA'nın 20-24, 28-32. gebelik haftalarında S/D oranının ortalama değerinin 3.19'dan, 3.3 l'e çıktığı ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında 2.75'e düştüğü saptandı. Sağ VIuterin arterde 20-24, 28-32. gebelik haftalarında ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında ortalama RI değerinin 0.53'den. 0.48'e ve 0.41'e; ortalama PI değerinin 0.97'den, 0.83'e ve 0.69'a; S/D oranının ortalama değerinin 2.23'den, 2.02'ye ve 1.73'e düştüğü saptandı. Sol uterin arterde 20-24. 28-32. gebelik haftalarında ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında ortalama RI değerinin 0.55'den, 0.48'e ve 0.43'e; ortalama PI değerinin 1.06'den, 0.90'a ve 0.75 'e; S/D oranının ortalama değerinin 2.37' den, 2.09'a ve 1.84'e düştüğü saptandı. 20-24. gebelik haftasında iki gebede sağ uterin arterde (%2.6), iki gebede sol uterin arterde (%2.6), 4 gebede ise her iki uterin arterde (%5.2) olmak üzere toplam 8 (%10.4) gebede EDÇ saptandı. Bu gebelerde 28-32. gebelik ve 36. gebelik haftası sonrasında yapılan RDUS takibinde EDÇ'nin izlenmediği görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışmaya dahil edilen gebelerdeki umblikal arter, orta serebral arter ve maternal uterin arterlerdeki Doppler indekslerinin gebelik haftasının ilerlemesi ile birlikte uteroplasental ve fetoplasental dolaşımda oluşan değişiklere paralel olarak değişime uğradığı saptandı. Bulgular literatür ile uyumlu bulundu. Anahtar Kelime: Gebelik, Orta serebral arter, Renkli Doppler ultrasonografi, Umblikal arter, Uterin arter. VII
ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the changes in Doppler indexes of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries of the fetus and maternal uterine artery during normal period of pregnency, also to determine the changes in relation to gestational week and make pathologic flow patterns to be more easily defined. Materials and Methods: Eighty six women with normal singletone pregnanci were referred from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department to the Radiodiagnostics Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, and Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) was performed at 20-24th, 28-32th and after 36th weeks on umblical arteries, middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and maternal uterine arteries in each woman following gray scale ultrasonography. Nine subjects were excluded from the study. Of those, the reason of exclusion was intra uterine fetal death in one subject, miscarriage in another, and the mothers' failure to comply with the follow-ups in the remaining. Among the 77 subjects who were included in the study, no maternal or fetal problems were present. Fetal biometry was evaluated by routine obstetrical examination and gray scale ultrasonography, followed by CDUS examination and spectral analysis. Care was taken to exclude fetal motion and respiration during these interventions. Resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D ratio) were measured for each umblical, middle cerebral and maternal uterine arteries. Maternal uterine arteries were observed for the presence of early diastolic notch (EDN). Doppler indexes were determined by taking measurements from at least three spectrums within which wavelengths remained constant. Results: For umblical arteries, the RI's were 0.62, 0.57 and 0.48, the Pi's were 0.96, 0.84 and 0.70, and S/D ratios were 2.62, 2.37 and 1.97; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. For MCA's, the RI's at weeks 20-24, 28- 32 and after 36 th week of gestastation were 0.70, 0.69 and 0.62. The Pi's at weeks 20- 24 found to be 1.23 and increased at week 28-32 to 1.24, after 36 th week of gestastation declined to 1.06, and S/D ratios at weeks 20-24 found to be 3.19 and increased at week 28-32 to 3.31, after 36 th week of gestastation declined to 2.75. For right uterine arteries, the RI's were 0.53, 0.48 and 0.41, the Pi's were 0.97, 0.83 and VIII0.69, and S/D ratios were 2.23, 2.02 and 1.73; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. For left uterine arteries, the RI's were 0.55, 0.48 and 0.43, the Pi's were 1.06, 0.90 and 0.75, and S/D ratios were 2.37, 2.09 and 1.84; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. At weeks 20-24, the numbers of EDN's present on left, right, and both uterine arteries were 2 (%2.6), 2 (%2.6), and 4 (%5.2), respectively. However, those EDN's did not persist on the follow-ups Conclusions: It has been noted that the Doppler indexes of umbilical, middle cerebral and maternal uterine arteries displayed changes correlated with the changes within the fetoplacental circulation as the pregnancy progressed. The findings were consistent with those in the literature. Keywords: Color Doppler ultrasonography, Middle cerebral artery, Pregnancy, Umbilical artery, Uterine artery. IX
ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the changes in Doppler indexes of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries of the fetus and maternal uterine artery during normal period of pregnency, also to determine the changes in relation to gestational week and make pathologic flow patterns to be more easily defined. Materials and Methods: Eighty six women with normal singletone pregnanci were referred from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department to the Radiodiagnostics Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, and Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) was performed at 20-24th, 28-32th and after 36th weeks on umblical arteries, middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and maternal uterine arteries in each woman following gray scale ultrasonography. Nine subjects were excluded from the study. Of those, the reason of exclusion was intra uterine fetal death in one subject, miscarriage in another, and the mothers' failure to comply with the follow-ups in the remaining. Among the 77 subjects who were included in the study, no maternal or fetal problems were present. Fetal biometry was evaluated by routine obstetrical examination and gray scale ultrasonography, followed by CDUS examination and spectral analysis. Care was taken to exclude fetal motion and respiration during these interventions. Resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D ratio) were measured for each umblical, middle cerebral and maternal uterine arteries. Maternal uterine arteries were observed for the presence of early diastolic notch (EDN). Doppler indexes were determined by taking measurements from at least three spectrums within which wavelengths remained constant. Results: For umblical arteries, the RI's were 0.62, 0.57 and 0.48, the Pi's were 0.96, 0.84 and 0.70, and S/D ratios were 2.62, 2.37 and 1.97; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. For MCA's, the RI's at weeks 20-24, 28- 32 and after 36 th week of gestastation were 0.70, 0.69 and 0.62. The Pi's at weeks 20- 24 found to be 1.23 and increased at week 28-32 to 1.24, after 36 th week of gestastation declined to 1.06, and S/D ratios at weeks 20-24 found to be 3.19 and increased at week 28-32 to 3.31, after 36 th week of gestastation declined to 2.75. For right uterine arteries, the RI's were 0.53, 0.48 and 0.41, the Pi's were 0.97, 0.83 and VIII0.69, and S/D ratios were 2.23, 2.02 and 1.73; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. For left uterine arteries, the RI's were 0.55, 0.48 and 0.43, the Pi's were 1.06, 0.90 and 0.75, and S/D ratios were 2.37, 2.09 and 1.84; at weeks 20-24, 28-32 and after 36 th week of gestastation, respectively. At weeks 20-24, the numbers of EDN's present on left, right, and both uterine arteries were 2 (%2.6), 2 (%2.6), and 4 (%5.2), respectively. However, those EDN's did not persist on the follow-ups Conclusions: It has been noted that the Doppler indexes of umbilical, middle cerebral and maternal uterine arteries displayed changes correlated with the changes within the fetoplacental circulation as the pregnancy progressed. The findings were consistent with those in the literature. Keywords: Color Doppler ultrasonography, Middle cerebral artery, Pregnancy, Umbilical artery, Uterine artery. IX
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Tez (tıpta uzmanlık) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2006
Libra Kayıt No: 15885
Libra Kayıt No: 15885
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