Dual Effect of Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate Reductase and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms on the Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Ischemic stroke, a prevalent neurological disease, is the major reason of serious disability and death worldwide. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms increase homocysteine levels which also raise the risk of vascular diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms can cause vascular reorganization and disrupt arterial wall stability. The aim of this study was to explore how the MTHFR and ACE gene polymorphisms are related to acute ischemic stroke. A total of 200 individuals (102 acute ischemic stroke patients and 98 healthy controls) were included in this case-control research. MTHFR gene C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) polymorphisms were studied through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays, ACE gene I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) was studied by PCR. The MTHFR C667T and ACE I/D polymorphisms did not show any statistically meaningful differences between healthy controls and acute ischemic stroke patients (P > 0.05). However, compared to healthy controls, acute ischemic stroke patients had almost nine-fold higher prevalence of the CC genotype based on the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism (P=0.024, OR=8.8, 95%Cl=1.27-208.2). Additionally, individuals with acute ischemic stroke had greater frequencies of the combined genotypes of MTHFR and ACE gene polymorphisms in the forms of CC/CC (C667T/A1298C), CC/DD (A1298C/ACE I/D) and CC/CC/DD (C677T/A1298C/ACE I/D) (P = 0.027, P = 0.015 and P = 0.037, respectively). A statistically significant correlation was assessed between MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism and acute ischemic stroke. Additionally, it was discovered that the genotype combinations of CC/CC (C667T/A1298C), CC/DD (A1298C/ACE I/D) and CC/CC/DD (C677T/A1298C/ACE I/D) have risk-increasing effects on acute ischemic stroke. To employ these genetic variations as alternative treatments for ischemic stroke, these findings should be validated by more research.