Bioavailability and Purification of Anthocyanins Extracted from Blackberry Fruit Using Deep Eutectic Solvent

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are green solvents that efficiently extract bioactive compounds compared to conventional solvents. In this study, the extraction conditions of pigments of blackberry fruit were optimized with DES of choline chloride-glycerol (CHGLY). Total anthocyanin content (TAC), pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin chloride were the responses. In vitro bioavailability and preliminary purification were investigated at the optimum point. The results displayed the optimum conditions of 1:4.22 molar ratio, 20 % water content, 15 g solvent amount and 15 min. The response values were 193.03 mg CGE/100 g of TAC, 596.29 mg/kg of cyanidin-3-glucoside, 104.57 mg/kg of cyanidin-3-rutinoside, 16.57 mg/kg of pelargonidin-3-glucoside and 37.35 mg/kg of cyanidin chloride. The DES extract of blackberry fruit displayed high in vitro bioavailability even though it was affected by each phase's conditions. From the preliminary purification, the purity of anthocyanins ranged from 6.03 +/- 0.23-89.04 +/- 3.35 %. These findings proved that CHGLY is a prominent green solvent for the high recovery of anthocyanins.