Publication: Hamburger Köftelerinin Mikrobiyolojik Özellikleri
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Günümüz koşullarında hayatımızdaki yeri git gide artan önemli bir fast food yiyeceği olan hamburger, temelde sığır kıymasından tuz ve çeşitli baharatlarla hazırlanarak elde edilen bir üründür. Yapılan araştırmada çiğ, pişmiş ve laboratuvarda pişirilen örneklerin mikrobiyolojik kalitesi incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada 5 firmaya ait 6 çeşit dondurulmuş çiğ hamburger köftesi, Samsun?da faaliyet gösteren 2 farklı işletmede üretilen 2 adet çiğ hamburger köftesi ve ayrıca Samsun piyasasında fast food noktalarında ve kafelerde pişmiş olarak satışa sunulan 34 adet hamburger köftesi örneği ile çalışılmıştır. Çiğ hamburger köftelerinde ortalama toplam mezofilik psikrofil bakteri sayısı 5.94 log kob/g, maya küf sayısı 5.14, toplam psikrofil aerob bakteri sayısı 5.10 log kob/g, koliform bakteri sayısı 1.73 log kob/g, Esherichia coli sayısı 0.75 log kob/g, Enterobactericeae sayısı 1.40 log kob/g, Staphlococcus aureus sayısı 1.18 log kob/g, Clostridium perfringens sayısı 3.67 log kob/g olarak belirlenmiştir Araştıma sonucunda çiğ hamburger köftelerinde ortalama toplam mezofilik psikrofil bakteri sayısı 5.94 log kob/g, maya küf sayısı 5.14, koliform bakteri sayısı 1.73 log kob/g, Esherichia coli sayısı 0.9 log kob/g, Clostridium perfringens sayısı 3.66 log kob/g olarak bulunurken, çiğ hamburger köftelerinin %62.5 ?inde Salmonella?ya ve analizi yapılan 2 adet çiğ hamburger köftesinde Listeria?ya rastlanılmış olup pişirmeyle bu mikroorganizmanın inaktive olduğu görülmüştür. . Laboratuvarda pişirilen hamburger köftelerinde TMAB sayısı 3.48, maya küf sayısı 3.56 olarak belirlenmiştir. Samsun piyasasından alınan hamburger köfte örneklerine bakıldığında ortalama toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı 3.38, maya küf sayısı 3.05, koliform bakteri sayısı 2.13, E.coli sayısı 1.62 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca 6 tane örnekte Staphlococcus aureus 2 örnekte Eneterobactereceae ve Koliform saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hamburger köftesi, köfte çeşitleri, köfte mikrobiyolojisi, fast food.
In recent years hamburger basically made from ground beef with salt and various spices is increasingly becoming as an important fast food product. In this study microbiological quality of hamburgers which were raw, cooked and cooked in a laboratory was invastagated. In this research the samples of 6 types of frozen raw hamburger patties from 5 companies, 2 raw hamberger patties which were produced from 2 different companies carried on business in Samsun and also 34 numbers of hamburger patties which were put up as cooked in point of fast food store and cafes as cooked. It was determined that average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of raw hamburger patiies were %46.68±4.48, %2.63±0.90, %1.57±0.66, %0.24±0.11, %14.46±2.40, %6.14±0.62 respectively. Average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of cooked hamburger patiies in laboratory were %50.02±6.10, %3.27±0.93, %1.78±0.43, %0.27±0.12, %16.56±3.45 and %6.10±0.60 respectively. Average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of hamburger patties that were taken from Samsun %54.53±5.45, %3.10±1.04, %1.75±0.85, %0.31±0.15, %18.36±6.29 ve %6.19±0.52 respectively. Microbiological tests showed that average number of total mezophilic bacteria were 5.94 log cfu/g, average number of yeast and mold were 5.14 log cfu/g, average number of total mesophilic psycrophile bacteria were 5.10 log cfu/g, average number of coliform bacteria were 1.73 log cfu/g, average number of Enterobactericeae were 1.40 log cfu/g, of Esherichia coli 0.75 log cfu/g, average number of Clostridium perfringens were 3.67 log cfu/g in raw hamburger patties. Salmonella was determined in 62.5 % of the raw hambuger patties while two raw hamburger patties analyzed had Listeria The hamburger patties which were cooked at labrotory had average number of TMAB and mold and yeast were 3.48 log cfu/g, 3.56 log cfu/g respectively. On the other hand the hamburger patties which were taken from Samsun had average number of TMAB and mold and yeast, coliform and E.coli is 3.38 log 10 cfu/g, 3.05 log cfu/g, 2.13 log cfu/g and 1.62 log 10 cfu/g. Also six samples were contaminated with S.aureus and 2 samples were contaminated with Enterobactericeae and coliform. Key Words: hamburger patties, a variety of patiies, microbiology of patties, fast food
In recent years hamburger basically made from ground beef with salt and various spices is increasingly becoming as an important fast food product. In this study microbiological quality of hamburgers which were raw, cooked and cooked in a laboratory was invastagated. In this research the samples of 6 types of frozen raw hamburger patties from 5 companies, 2 raw hamberger patties which were produced from 2 different companies carried on business in Samsun and also 34 numbers of hamburger patties which were put up as cooked in point of fast food store and cafes as cooked. It was determined that average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of raw hamburger patiies were %46.68±4.48, %2.63±0.90, %1.57±0.66, %0.24±0.11, %14.46±2.40, %6.14±0.62 respectively. Average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of cooked hamburger patiies in laboratory were %50.02±6.10, %3.27±0.93, %1.78±0.43, %0.27±0.12, %16.56±3.45 and %6.10±0.60 respectively. Average dry matter, ash, salt, acid (in lactic acid), protein ratio and pH of hamburger patties that were taken from Samsun %54.53±5.45, %3.10±1.04, %1.75±0.85, %0.31±0.15, %18.36±6.29 ve %6.19±0.52 respectively. Microbiological tests showed that average number of total mezophilic bacteria were 5.94 log cfu/g, average number of yeast and mold were 5.14 log cfu/g, average number of total mesophilic psycrophile bacteria were 5.10 log cfu/g, average number of coliform bacteria were 1.73 log cfu/g, average number of Enterobactericeae were 1.40 log cfu/g, of Esherichia coli 0.75 log cfu/g, average number of Clostridium perfringens were 3.67 log cfu/g in raw hamburger patties. Salmonella was determined in 62.5 % of the raw hambuger patties while two raw hamburger patties analyzed had Listeria The hamburger patties which were cooked at labrotory had average number of TMAB and mold and yeast were 3.48 log cfu/g, 3.56 log cfu/g respectively. On the other hand the hamburger patties which were taken from Samsun had average number of TMAB and mold and yeast, coliform and E.coli is 3.38 log 10 cfu/g, 3.05 log cfu/g, 2.13 log cfu/g and 1.62 log 10 cfu/g. Also six samples were contaminated with S.aureus and 2 samples were contaminated with Enterobactericeae and coliform. Key Words: hamburger patties, a variety of patiies, microbiology of patties, fast food
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2013
Libra Kayıt No: 65845
Libra Kayıt No: 65845
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