Publication: Bal Hasadında Bal Arısı (Apis Mellifera L.) Kolonilerine Kış Dönemi için Bırakılan Farklı Miktarlardaki Balın Bazı Davranış ve Performans Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Arıcılıkta sonbahar dönemi, son bal hasadından sonra başlamakta ve koloni gücüne göre yirmi kg'a kadar bal bırakılması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bal hasadından sonra bütün çerçeveleri sağılmış ve kabartılmış çerçevelerle değiştirilen boş çerçeve, bir çerçeve ile yaklaşık üç kg bal bırakılan ve koloni işçi arı mevcuduna göre boş çerçeve verilen normal ve bal hasadı ile fazla çerçeveleri alınarak sıkıştırılan ve yaklaşık on kg bal bırakılan sağılmayan gruplarının sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar dönemleri bazı davranış ve performans özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma Samsun ilinde iki ayrı arıcılık işletmesinde (Arılık 1 ve Arılık 2) yürütülmüş ve her deneme grubunda 7 olmak üzere toplamda 42 koloni kullanılmıştır. İki arıcılık işletmesinde sonbahar ve erken ilkbahar dönemi yavrulu çerçeve, yavrulu alan ve arılı çerçeve ile kışlama yeteneği, Arılık 1'de sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde kovan ağırlık değişimleri ve deneme süresinde kolonilerin uçuş etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Arılık 1'de deneme gruplarına göre sonbahar dönemi yavrulu alan ortalamaları arasında farklılık (p<0.05) belirlenmişken Arılık 2' fark (p>0.05) belirlenmemiş, her iki arılıkta ortalama yavrulu alan sırasıyla 659.10±80.15 ve 633.16±89.95 cm2 olarak bulunmuştur. İlkbahar döneminde Arılık 2'de deneme grupları arasında belirlenen yavrulu alanda farklılık belirlenmişken (p<0.05) Arılık 1'de fark (p>0.05) belirlenmemiş, en yüksek yavrulu alan sırasıyla 2582.5±327.2 ve 1640.43±350.34 cm2 olarak normal grubunda belirlenmiştir. Kolonilerin sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde belirlenen kovan ağırlıklarında deneme gruplarına göre fark (p<0.05) belirlenmiş ve bu dönemlerde en yüksek kovan ağırlıkları sırasıyla 23.25±0.40, 22.8±0.41 ve 21.84±0.44 kg ile normal grubunda bulunmuştur. Kolonilerin uçuş etkinliği, sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde kovandan çıkan ve kovana dönen işçi arıların haftanın iki günü saat onda 30 saniye süreyle sayılması şeklinde belirlenmiş ve uçuş etkinliğinin belirlendiği zamanlardaki sıcaklık, nem ve hava durumu da ölçülmüştür. Denemede, sonbahar dönemi uçuş yapan işçi arılar dışında (p<0.05), uçuş etkinliklerinde deneme gruplarına göre fark (p<0.001) belirlenmiştir. Kışlama yeteneği Arılık 1'de %66.7 ve Arılık 2'de %90.5 olarak ve yapılan uygulamaların koloni ölümlerine istatistiksel etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
The autumn period in beekeeping starts after the last honey harvest, and it is recommended to leave up to 20 kg of honey depending on the strength of the colony. In this study, after the honey harvest, empty frames replaced with fully extracted and combed frames, a frame with approximately three kg of honey left, and normal groups where empty frames were given according to the colony's worker bee population, were compared with the groups that had excess frames removed and were compressed, leaving approximately ten kg of honey. Some behavioral and performance characteristics during the autumn, winter, and spring periods of these groups were determined. The study was conducted in two separate beekeeping operations (Apiary 1 and Apiary 2), and a total of 42 colonies were used, with 7 colonies in each experimental group. In both beekeeping operations, the fall and early spring periods of brood frame, brood area, and the number of brood frames, as well as wintering ability, were determined, along with weight changes of the hives in Apiary 1 during the autumn, winter, and spring periods and the flight activities of the colonies during the trial period. In Apiary 1, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the autumn brood area averages of the experimental groups, while in Apiary 2, no difference (p>0.05) was detected. The average brood areas in both apiaries were 659.10±80.15 and 633.16±89.95 cm², respectively. In the spring period, a significant difference was found in the brood area among the experimental groups in Apiary 2 (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in Apiary 1 (p>0.05). The highest brood area in the normal group was 2582.5±327.2 and 1640.43±350.34 cm², respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the hive weight changes in the colonies during the autumn, winter, and spring periods, with the highest hive weights found in the normal group at 23.25±0.40 kg, 22.8±0.41 kg, and 21.84±0.44 kg, respectively. The flight activity of the colonies was measured by counting the worker bees leaving and returning to the hive for 30 seconds at 10 a.m. on two days of the week during the autumn, winter, and spring periods. The temperature, humidity, and weather conditions at the times of the flight activity measurements were also recorded. In the trial, a significant difference (p<0.001) was found in the flight activities of the experimental groups, except for the worker bees during the autumn period (p<0.05). The wintering ability was 66.7% in Apiary 1 and 90.5% in Apiary 2, with no statistically significant effect of the applied treatments on colony mortality.
The autumn period in beekeeping starts after the last honey harvest, and it is recommended to leave up to 20 kg of honey depending on the strength of the colony. In this study, after the honey harvest, empty frames replaced with fully extracted and combed frames, a frame with approximately three kg of honey left, and normal groups where empty frames were given according to the colony's worker bee population, were compared with the groups that had excess frames removed and were compressed, leaving approximately ten kg of honey. Some behavioral and performance characteristics during the autumn, winter, and spring periods of these groups were determined. The study was conducted in two separate beekeeping operations (Apiary 1 and Apiary 2), and a total of 42 colonies were used, with 7 colonies in each experimental group. In both beekeeping operations, the fall and early spring periods of brood frame, brood area, and the number of brood frames, as well as wintering ability, were determined, along with weight changes of the hives in Apiary 1 during the autumn, winter, and spring periods and the flight activities of the colonies during the trial period. In Apiary 1, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the autumn brood area averages of the experimental groups, while in Apiary 2, no difference (p>0.05) was detected. The average brood areas in both apiaries were 659.10±80.15 and 633.16±89.95 cm², respectively. In the spring period, a significant difference was found in the brood area among the experimental groups in Apiary 2 (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in Apiary 1 (p>0.05). The highest brood area in the normal group was 2582.5±327.2 and 1640.43±350.34 cm², respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the hive weight changes in the colonies during the autumn, winter, and spring periods, with the highest hive weights found in the normal group at 23.25±0.40 kg, 22.8±0.41 kg, and 21.84±0.44 kg, respectively. The flight activity of the colonies was measured by counting the worker bees leaving and returning to the hive for 30 seconds at 10 a.m. on two days of the week during the autumn, winter, and spring periods. The temperature, humidity, and weather conditions at the times of the flight activity measurements were also recorded. In the trial, a significant difference (p<0.001) was found in the flight activities of the experimental groups, except for the worker bees during the autumn period (p<0.05). The wintering ability was 66.7% in Apiary 1 and 90.5% in Apiary 2, with no statistically significant effect of the applied treatments on colony mortality.
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