Three-dimensional anatomy of the pelvis in bladder exstrophy: Description of bone pathology by using three-dimensional computed tomography and its clinical relevance

Abstract

The alterations in pelvic structure that occur in bladder exstrophy were evaluated in six children (one girl and five boys) by using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). The length and angle of anterior and posterior segments and the slanting angle of iliac wings were measured. 3D-CT scans of the pelvis of four patients with a normal pelvis were obtained to serve as controls. Both anterior and posterior segments were abnormally rotated externally in patients with bladder exstrophy. Whereas the length of the posterior segment is normal, the length of the anterior segment is significantly shorter, and the iliac wings projected more inward than those in the age-matched control subjects.