A3B type unsymmetrical and amphiphilic phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and aggregation studies

Abstract

This study reports the preparation, analysis, aggregation statuses and thermal properties of five phthalocyanines. The preparation of all molecules includes two steps: the first step is the preparation of phthalocyanine precursor molecules (A and B coded phthalonitriles); the second step is the synthesis of one metal-free and four metalled phthalocyanines (A(3)B-Co, A(3)B-Cu, A(3)B-H, A(3)B-Ni, and A(3)B-Zn coded compounds). Compound A holds a hydrophobic chain (cetyl alcohol); compound B holds a hydrophilic chain (tetraethylene glycol). Phthalocyanines include three hydrophobic chains and one hydrophilic chain (A(3)B type phthalocyanine). Characterization methods which were used to determine the structure of these compounds are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-1 NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C-13 NMR), and Ultraviolet Visible (UV Vis) spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The phthalocyanines have high stability up to 260 degrees C as a minimum value. Aggregation statuses of the phthalocyanines change to the metal from the metal or to the solvent from the solvent. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.