Myogenic Regulator Genes Responsible for Muscle Development in Farm Animals

Abstract

Breeding farm animals, especially poultry, helps meet global meat demand and boosts meat production efficiency. To meet high-quality meat demand, muscle growth and development must improve. Fetal skeletal muscle formation involves myogenesis, fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Kinase-encoding genes and myogenic regulatory factor genes regulate a complex network of intrinsic and extrinsic components in two or three stages. MYF5, MYOD, myogenin, and MRF4 are helix-loop-helix transcription factors that govern skeletal muscle cell specification and differentiation throughout embryogenesis and postnatal myogenesis. The transcription factors MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin, and MRF4 have been discovered to determine the skeletal muscle lineage and regulate myogenic differentiation during development. These factors also determine the muscle satellite cell lineage that becomes the adult skeletal muscle stem cell compartment. MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin, and MRF4 serve small functions in adult muscle, but they again direct satellite cell activity to regenerate skeletal muscle, linking genetic regulation of development and regeneration myogenesis. Understanding and identifying these genes helps increase meat yield and quality. This detailed review examines myogenic regulatory variables in satellite cell specification, maturation, and skeletal muscle regeneration.