Analysis of Anion and Cation Release from Glass Ionomer Cements using Ion Chromatography

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the amount of the anions (F-, Cl-, PO43-, and SO42-), cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), and silica released from four different glass ionomers stored in ultra-distilled water. The materials were a novel restorative glass ionomer (Glass Carbomer (TM) Fill), a high-viscosity glass ionomer (EQUIA Forte (R)), a resin-modified glass ionomer (Photac (TM) Fil Quick Aplicap (TM)), and a traditional glass ionomer (Riva Self Cure). Twelve cylindrical specimens, 10 mm in width and 2 mm in depth, were prepared from each material. Each sample was placed in a sterile polypropylene tube with a cover, and 50 mL of ultra-distilled water (18 megaohm-cm) was added. Each tube was rinsed twice daily. After 14 days, the samples were removed from the solutions. The amount of anions and cations in the solutions were analysed using ion chromatography. Statistical analysis, for two group comparison, was performed using one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and the independent samples t-test (p<0.05). The resin-modified glass ionomer released the highest amount of F-, Cl-, PO43-, Na+, and silica (p=0.001). The lowest F-, Na+, and K+ release was detected in the traditional glass ionomer.