Evaluation of Surface Roughness After Root Resection: An Optical Profilometer Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness of the apical surface after apical resection performed by six different methods with an optical profilometer. Sixty human single root premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. After root canal preparation, root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus root canal sealers by lateral condensation technique. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups according to the apical resection method: steel fissure bur, tungsten carbide fissure bur, Lindeman bur, diamond fissure bur, laser, and ultrasonic surgical piezo with a diamond tip. The root ends were resected 3 mm away from the root apex and at a 90 degrees angle. The time required for apicectomy was recorded for each group. After apical resection, the root surfaces were analyzed by an optical profilometer. The Kruskal-Wallis method was used to analyze the differences between groups. The significance level was set at 5%. The roughest surfaces were obtained by laser (25.54 +/- 9.01 mu m) and Lindeman bur (17.35 +/- 6.03 mu m), respectively. The longest mean resection times were recorded in piezosurgery and laser surgery (57 +/- 14.39 s and 50.9 +/- 16.86 s), respectively. Although the diamond-tipped piezo surgical cutting time is long, it has the best results in terms of surface roughness (5.50 +/- 1.73 mu m). The optical profilometer is a more convenient tool for evaluating the surface after apical surgery, as it provides an opportunity to evaluate objectively with both visual and numerical data.